If Your Breath Test Results Are High…
Consider Exercising Your Right to a Blood Test

The Intoxilyzer 8000 is the breath testing machine of choice with most police agencies throughout the United States. But that doesn’t mean you have to agree with law enforcement’s enthusiasm. If you make the difficult decision to submit to a breath test and then find yourself unhappy with the results, all may not be lost. Did you know that Florida Statute 316.1932 gives you the right to an independent blood test, just for the asking?

How to Keep Your Breath Test From Being Used Against You

If you failed the breath test, it is still possible you were not above the legal breath alcohol limit. Rather, the problem may be with the breath testing machine itself. The Intoxilyzer 8000 is worthy of your respect, but only when properly calibrated and used. However, the Florida breath-testing program is in serious need of revamping. It is time that law enforcement reevaluate their operating procedures with respect to the frequency and timing of calibration checks. Because citizens are essentially “tried” by this machine, it is critical that its accuracy be scrutinized and maintained to the highest possible standards.

The limitations of breath testing and the inferior calibration procedures utilized in Florida should be cause for concern. Therefore, if you have made the difficult decision to submit to the intoxilyzer and are then unhappy with the results, you should always thereafter ask for an independent blood test. The Florida legislature modified the DUI statute giving you this right. This statute codifies much of the appellate case law swelling around some of the former ambiguous points. You should know that police officers and breath test operators are under no legal obligation to remind you that you have the right to an independent blood test. However, Florida law specifically provides that:

“The law enforcement officer shall not interfere with the person’s opportunity to obtain the independent test and shall provide the person with timely telephone access to secure the test, but the burden is on the person to arrange and secure the test at the person’s own expense.”

It is important to note that the failure of the law enforcement officer to meet this obligation may result in the exclusion of your Intoxilyzer test results from being considered in any court proceeding. If the police officer fails to record your request for an independent blood test, write it down on anything they ask you to sign. For example, “I have requested a blood test!” This could be very important in having your lawyer later prove that you timely made the request at the police station. Of course, your statutory right to a blood test only occurs if you have taken the breath and urine testing requested by law enforcement.

The Superiority of Blood Testing Over Breath Testing

There is little question that a blood test is far superior to a breath test. But most people don’t understand why. Once you learn the scientific basis and methodology of Intoxilyzer testing, there is a good chance your views on the accuracy and reliability of the machine may never again be the same. After all, the Florida legislature couldn’t have been all that enamored with the machine if they felt the need to provide you with the opportunity to have the results independently checked by a superior method of testing.

The first thing that most people are shocked to learn is that the Intoxilyzer 8000 has nothing to do with blood alcohol levels. It only measures breath alcohol levels. In fact, contrary to popular opinion, the Intoxilyzer doesn’t even use its findings to make a calculation or conversion from blood alcohol to breath alcohol figures. Therefore, to embrace the validity of breath testing you must first accept the notion that there is a direct relationship between the amount of alcohol in a person’s breath and the amount of alcohol in their blood. The Intoxilyzer 8000 assumes this ratio to be 2100 to 1. To put it simply, the manufacturer of the machine has made the assumption that:

• If you took 2100 cubic centimeters of breath and tested the amount of alcohol therein, the amount of alcohol in that sample would be equal to the amount of alcohol in one milliliter of the same person’s blood.

The problem with calibrating the machines in this manner is that experts all agree that the 2100 to 1 breath to blood ratio is only an average. They will further warn you that not everyone has this magical 2100 to 1 ratio. In fact, what you will learn is that if a person has a ratio lower than 2100 to 1, they will produce an Intoxilyzer result that will be artificially high. Just as true, if a person has a breath to blood ratio higher than 2100 to 1, they will produce an Intoxilyzer result that will be artificially lower. To date, the company that manufactures the Intoxilyzer, (CMI Corp.,) has yet to invent a method that would calculate the driver’s true ratio and then make the appropriate correction for a more accurate breath test result.

Next, consider the Florida State Statutes that define “presumptive” or “per se” levels of impairment. There is a very different standard of alcohol concentration in the measurement of breath versus blood. Florida Statute section 316.193 provides that a violation of the law has occurred if:

• The driver had a blood alcohol level of .08 or more grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood; or
• The driver had a breath alcohol level of .08 or more grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.

Now consider what 210 liters of your favorite soft drink would look like…you get the picture! Does that mean the Intoxilyzer machine requires you to produce a breath sample sufficient to fill 210 liters? No, a valid breath sample must only contain 1.1 liters of air. But what it does mean, is that because of your inability to produce a sample 210 liters in size, the machine has a huge task to perform. For instance, in order to produce a .08 reading on the Intoxilyzer, the machine is forced to detect less than one millionth of one fluid ounce of alcohol in your breath sample! That amount is smaller than what would fit on the head of a pin.

Florida Law Fails to Preserve Breath Test Samples for Later Independent Tests

Perhaps the greatest shortcoming in Florida’s breath testing program is the failure to capture and preserve breath test samples. Most people are familiar with the idea that blood that is properly collected in a tube can later be tested by an independent lab (We have all seen CSI!) However, most people are unaware that breath samples, although capable of being preserved for re-testing, are not the practice in the State of Florida. This is something the Intoxilyzer 8000 is already outfitted to accomplish. The practice is known as “trapping,” and permits an extra sample of the driver’s breath to be stored in an inexpensive ampoule for later independent testing. Such a practice is already in use in other states. Drivers in those states have the benefit of having their “trapped” breath sample independently analyzed by a laboratory implementing “gas chromatography.” This technology is far superior to the “infrared absorption spectroscopy” used by the Intoxilyzer and considered the most accurate and reliable method of determining ethyl alcohol in body fluids and gasses. If you guessed that gas chromatography was the process used in analyzing blood, you were correct!

Gas Chromatography – The Gold Standard of Testing

Gas chromatography results are widely respected by the courts. A chemist in a hygienic clinical or forensic laboratory environment performs the analysis. Intoxilyzer testing on the other hand is typically done in the middle of the night by a law enforcement officer in the back room of the police station. Would you feel more comfortable with a brand new sterile glass collection tube for your blood, or the sample chamber of the Intoxilyzer machine into which literally thousands of people have previously blown?

Gas chromatography reports only the ethyl alcohol present in the sample. Whereas, the infrared spectroscopy method used by the Intoxilyzer is non-specific for ethyl alcohol and has to be careful with improperly detecting other irrelevant methyl alcohol-like substances. For instance, volatile hydrocarbons, (i.e. paints, paint thinners, and varnishes), that a person may have been exposed to, and “interferents” that may be present in the air of the testing room, (i.e. cleaning fluids). Over the years, the manufacturer of the Intoxilyzer has implemented more and more “filters” in its effort to overcome these deficiencies in the machine. Florida could avoid much of the controversy surrounding these issues if it upgraded its equipment to a second generation of breath testing instruments recently created by the National Draeger Corp. The “Alcotest 7110” measures ethyl alcohol at a different wavelength that results in the instrument being far less likely to misread interfering substances.

Common Causes of Inaccurate Intoxilyzer Results

Consider some other factors that could contribute to an inaccurate Intoxilyzer reading and note that they are all irrelevant to blood alcohol analysis:

• Belching or burping: To operate properly, the Intoxilyzer utilizes a deep lung or “alveolar” air sample. However, regurgitation or refluxing from the stomach can introduce pure alcohol into the sample chamber, which results in inflated readings.
• A fever: The Intoxilyzer 8000 machine is calibrated to assume that your breath temperature is normal, i.e. 34 degrees centigrade. As body temperature rises, the blood to breath ratio decreases. Therefore, a breath sample temperature higher than normal will result in an inflated reading of approximately 6 to 7% for every degree above 34 degrees centigrade. As a side note, the previously mentioned new machine produced by the Draeger Corporation has corrected this problem as well. It measures the breath temperature of the subject and then makes the appropriate adjustment before calculating the results.
• The presence of acetone in your breath: Acetone can be caused by diabetes or from fasting. The intoxilyzer is subject to misreading acetone as ethyl alcohol. Although the machine attempts to detect this substance and warn the operator, it is not infallible. Better technology is currently available in breath testing that greatly reduces the threat of inflated readings in this regard.
• Mouth alcohol: The presence of residual alcohol in the mouth can have a dramatic effect in producing inflated artificial Intoxilyzer readings. Dentures and partial plates have been known to trap alcohol and to restrict the body’s natural ability to self-cleanse the mouth within a 15 to 20 minute time period. Mouth washes, breath sprays, and over the counter inhalers often contain ethyl alcohol. Studies have proven that the Intoxilyzer does a fairly good job through its use of a “slope detector” in discovering the presence of mouth alcohol. However, the machine is less than perfect. Although the 20 minute observation period is critical for accurate results, police officers often use this time to process paperwork and attend to other duties nearby. It is understandably difficult to require a police officer to sit and observe a subject for 20 minutes to make certain that he does not regurgitate something from his stomach.
• Inhalation of air bag talc: When a driver is involved in an accident that results in the deployment of the vehicle’s air bag, the explosion causes the release of thousands of small particles of talc into the passenger compartment. Recent studies have confirmed that the driver’s inhalation of this material and later exhalation into the Intoxilyzer can result in inaccurate readings. It is suspected that the particles of talc floating in the sample chamber absorb or displace light energy during the infrared spectroscopy and inadvertently produce an artificially inflated result.

If you have been charged with a DUI in St. Petersburg, Clearwater, Dunedin, Safety Harbor, Tarpon Springs, Palm Harbor, Largo, St. Pete Beach, Treasure Island, Gulfport, Pasadena, Indian Rocks Beach, Indian Shores, Redington Shores, Madeira Beach and Belleair, it is important that you speak with a highly experienced DUI Defense Attorney who is familiar with the law as it pertains to breath and blood testing.

If you have been arrested for a DUI that involves a breath, blood or urine test, call our office for a free consultation at 727-855-3847.